SYONAKA (Root)
Syonaka consists of dried root of Oroxylum indicum Vent. (Fam. Bignoniacem); a small tree, distributed throughout the country, chiefly in evergreen forest upto 600 m.
SYNONYMS
Sansk. : Dirghavrnta, Prthsuimba, Katvanga
Assam. : Kering
Beng. : Sonagachh
Eng. : —
Guj. : Tentoo
Hindi. : Sonapatha, Shyonak, Tentoo
Kan. : Tigudu
Kash. : —
Mal. : Palagripayanni
Mar. : Tentoo
Ori. : Pamponiya
Punj. : Tatpaling, Talvarphali
Tam. : Peruvagai
Tel. : Dundilumu, Gumpena, Pampini
Urdu. : Sonapatha
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Drug available in cut pieces, having secondary roots, greyish-brown to light brown, cut surface brownish-cream, cylindrical, ribbed at few places, 5-16 cm long, 1-3 cm thick, external surface rough due to longitudinal and transverse cracks, fracture, short; taste, slightly sweet.
b) Microscopic
Root mature root shows 10-30 or more layers of tangentially elongated, radially arranged cork cells filled with reddish-brown content; secondary cortex composed of oval to polygonal, parenchymatous cells; stone cells, thick-walled, lignified of various shapes and sizes with narrow lumen, distinct pits and striations; secondary phloem composed of sieve tubes, parenchyma, fibres and groups of stone cells; groups of fibres traversed by 2-8 cells wide phloem rays; secondary xylem consists of usual elements; xylem vessels of various sizes, occur in singles and groups of 2-5 cells arranged radially having reticulate thickening; xylem rays 2-4 cells wide; fibres having wide lumen and pointed tips, and tracheids present.
Powder – Brownish-cream; shows groups of stone cells, fragments of cork, phloern fibres with wide lumen and pointed tips and reticulate vessels and tracheids.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 1 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.2
Total ash Not more than 5 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.3
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.4
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 20 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.6
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 42 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.7
T.L.C. –
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using n-Butanol : Acetic acid: Water (4: 1 : 5) shows under UV (366 nm) a fluorescent zone at Rf. 0.10 (blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour six spots appear at Rf. 0.10, 0.30, 0.58, 0.70, 0.85 and 0.95 (all yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid and heating the plate for ten minutes at 105°C five spots appear at Rf. 0.25, 0.58, 0.70, 0.85 and 0.95 (all grey).
CONSTITUENTS – Flavonoids and Tannins.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipana, Kaphapittasamaka, Grahi
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Amrtarista, Dantyadyarista, Dasamularista, Narayana Taila, Dhanavantara Ghrta, Brahma Rasayana, Dasamula Kvatha Curna, Cyavanaprasa, Awaleha
THERAPEUTIC USES – Vatatisara, Kasa, Aruci, Basti Roga, Amavata, Udara Roga, Urustambha, Vatavyadhi, Karna Roga, Sotha
DOSE – 5-10 g. in powder form.
25-50 g. in decoction.
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